Well finally my exams are over today and I am back to my old life. Gonna start using all the stuff…again…

It seems to me that as you grow old, your rate of getting emails increases. Or at least thats the case for folks in academia it seems. The question is, how do you respond to these emails or take actions on these emails. This is what I do, and I am eager to know how others do it. I have a huge hierarchy of email folders and I have Inbox. There are different groups/clubs I am attached with. I have email filters which filter emails from these mailing lists and send them to their respective folders. These are the emails which I don’t want to respond to or read immediately. All my work emails and other emails remain in Inbox. And they remain there till I have taken action on them. That may mean just reading them again, or replying back or doing something else. So, basically, at any point of time, my Inbox has emails that are either unread or I haven’t taken action on them. Now sometimes, I get emails to which I want to respond but I don’t have time/I am lazy. They stay in Inbox. And sometimes they stay there for a month or so. And sometimes when I get back to those emails, I see that there is no point replying to them anymore. Now, I feel bad about that because I usually claim that if you have emailed me, I will reply to it even if I reply late. So, what do you do?

Source: How to handle emails – by rohitj (true copy)

Have you ever search the google for any of the following keywords :

Make Money,Make Money Online,Earn Money Online,Making or Earning Money at Home Business Work on the Web

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Do you know you can Earn Money On Net For FREE!!!

Well there are many resources and articles on net which tell you how to earn money on net.But most of then don’t work well.

You can find whole web sites are made on the topics like
“Make Money Online,Earn Money at Home Business and Work”
OR
“Earn Lots of Money Online With The Best Free Home Based Business Opportunity Of The World”

All these sites looks very promising. But they are just earning money for the owners of these sites.

They are using it for marketing purpose and making you people fool by wasting both your money and time .

If you has ever participated in any such program then you must be agree with me that earning money is not such a easy task.

1.)   Does it really possible to earn money online

Yes , It is possible to make money online.But it need hard work form your end .don’t think you can make good amount of money by just clicking some link or reading mails.

If you got a web site then you can earn some money by spreading your business or by ADS.

It is batter to use you mind for making money then to depends on some ready made solution.

There is no Ways to Make Fast Easy Quick Money Online Today. making Quick Money is every one’s dream but this dream can’t be full filled without hard work.

Many Internet companies pay you to surf the web, read emails, visit web sites or sign up for free offers on the internet. It is natural to get attracted towards such an offers. but after trying these most of people find earn money is not that easy as shown by these sites.

If you earn some then there is no guaranty of payment.you may end up with just thinking about money, money, money.

2.)   What program should I try

Well If you are located in US then there are many program which promises to give easy money.But as i don’t belong to US i hasn’t tested these .

But speaking to International People it does not really work .

If you are a WebMaster then you could try following:

1. Google adsense : that’s my Favorites .I use google adsense on this site also. This is the only program that has work for me till now .
   But if this work for me then it is not necessary that it will work for you also . If you has informative site then you can really make money threw this program. It is much batter than Pay per click or pay per impression or pay per lead program.
2. Try to sell some products threw you web site to earn money that is related to your web site.

By choosing wrong program you may end up by spending more money then you are earning.

There is no way to tell how much money you will earn .
You will earn money according to you own work.

Well many people have asked me that what RapidLeech is and what exactly it is used for. Well in this post I will explain the needs of RapidLeech and its sources.

Click here to goto RapidLeech

Well I would assume that everyone know about sites like rapidshare and megaupload (well those who don’t know, they are actually file sharing websites, mainly used to spread a file with everyone, rather spreading piracy, I don’t say spread piracy, but you like pirated products I would recommend you to buy it, as a lot of efforts is given for its creation).

Now each file sharing site usually wants you to first visit their website, check out their ads, wait a lot and then download the file, as it is obvious no-one would like you to leech their bandwidth without any income. And in the meantime they would force you to try the premium account which would ultimately cost you.

For over coming these problems RapidLeech developers created a script known as “rapidleech”. These scripts are basically the programs that bypass the barriers created by a file sharing site (by basically finding loopholes) and then letting you download the files to your systems (usually servers as they have higher bandwidth), ultimately resulting in giving you direct links that doesn’t need any problems like waiting time and you can even pause your download and start them later on. Therefore you are not at all communicating with the rapidshare (or any other file sharing site) directly, rather indirectly as you will download files from the rapidleech server(which doesn’t have restrictions like waiting time and pause restriction).

One of a good server is even hosted by MyWebStay.com here, it has five servers so that you may download many files simultaneously.

Now HOW TO GET MAXIMUM OUT OF RAPIDLEECH

Suppose if you want to want to download a stuff that requires download of many files, take for example file1, file2, file3, file4, file5, file6. What you need to do is, download the first file (i.e. file1) from your computer directly, and in the meantime use rapidleech to download files to the MyWebStay.com’s server (link here). What you need to do is simply select Server1 there and put file2, then select server2 and put file3, server3 with file4, and so on.

As rapidshare (and many other file sharing sites) have some restriction of IP, many servers will help in downloading the files simultaneously due to the fact that each server has different IP.

I would recommend that you should use MegaUpload instead of RapidShare, because in my opinion its far better than RapidShare when used with rapidleech.

If you have any queries please comment…

You want to earn more out of your blogs right? Obviously yes and you can make that possible. There are so many options to go. One powerful among them is using advertising networks like Adsense and Yahoo publisher. Whatever may be the network; there are again 2 major options available. One is text ads and the other Image ads. Which one to choose? Which will earn more? Still, there is so much of confusion around this. You can’t deny that, right? No one is clear on this. Yes, even Google itself is not clear on this issue or I can say this confusion. Sorry Google knows, but they won’t disclose J Let’s discuss some of the positive and negative trends with both Text and Image ads. First let us see what Google saying on this confusion. While we can’t make any guarantees about the earnings potential of image or text ads, we believe that image ads will prove to be a high-performing option for publishers looking to monetize their pages. In fact, we show image ads when they have a higher value to you than the corresponding set of text ads that might otherwise run in the same slot. Finally Google is saying that they will display the ads which will earn you more. Text or Image, whatever may be type of ad, they will try to help you earn more. That’s fine, let’s analyze which is best as per our knowledge levels. Text Ads Analysis: * More than one ad on ad units * Possibility of getting clicked on at least one link * Possibility of hiding and mixing it with the content with colors * Possibility of getting relevant ads on site * Chance to get Maximum CTR Image Ads Analysis: * Single and attractive ad per unit * Possibility of getting more clicks with the more clickable area on image * Less chance to get relevant ads on site * No chance to have custom color ads I found a good discussion on Digital point forum about this issue and you can see most of the people sharing their experiences. I read each and every response and found that maximum percentage of people are voting / suggesting for text ads. So, what’s your experience? Which would you recommend? Share with us! Happy Blogging!

Another good news is here again, after a great success of www.mywebstay.com on the Egyptian Index(It got ranked among the top 15,000 sites of Egypt), to increase its area of operation and high growth, I brought a dedicated server so that visitors can easily surf on the site and I can provide them few additional services and features.

The new server will be named and connected to mws002.mywebstay.com (a sub-domain of MyWebStay.com), moreover the old server will also be continued as is, therefore MyWebStay.com will have two server.(That’s great!!!)

MyWebStay.com has now converted into a web host(fully-featured) and will provide servers to its clients along with internet space.

We had a collaboration with Goal Infocom Pvt. Ltd., an Indian company providing domains and web sites to its clients on MLM basis, will buy internet bandwidth and server space from us and will resell it to its clients. This reselling will form a major part of server resources.

On the other hand MyWebStay.com will also use the server for its business, MyWebStay.com will host mailing list scripts(chargeable for clients)  and rapidleech(free for all) on this server.

One more site developed by me i.e. www.bharatmatamandir.in will also be hosted on this server so that we can maximize the uptime for this website. Its a site on Bharat Mata and is made like a web mandir.

Despite of so many activities planned on the server, there is a still spare resources and capacity on the  server. As the server is a AMD Phenom X4 (Quad Core) and 3.0Ghz processor with 4 GB RAM and 10MBPS unmetered bandwidth working with a CentOS 64bit + cPanel & fantastico + Site Builder(with over 12 languages and about 725 template and 150 flash template). Current Hard drive is 320gb but we have plans to upgrade it in the near future.

As a matter of fact MyWebStay.com wants to resell the storage to other customers and has prepared a price-list for that which is very aggressive and competitive to the current market. I would recommend you to have a look on that on MyWebStay.com here…

What is PageRank?

PageRank is a numeric value that represents how important a page is on the web. Google figures that when one page links to another page, it is effectively casting a vote for the other page. The more votes that are cast for a page, the more important the page must be. Also, the importance of the page that is casting the vote determines how important the vote itself is. Google calculates a page’s importance from the votes cast for it. How important each vote is is taken into account when a page’s PageRank is calculated.

PageRank is Google’s way of deciding a page’s importance. It matters because it is one of the factors that determines a page’s ranking in the search results. It isn’t the only factor that Google uses to rank pages, but it is an important one.

From here on in, we’ll occasionally refer to PageRank as “PR”.

Notes:

Not all links are counted by Google. For instance, they filter out links from known link farms. Some links can cause a site to be penalized by Google. They rightly figure that webmasters cannot control which sites link to their sites, but they can control which sites they link out to. For this reason, links into a site cannot harm the site, but links from a site can be harmful if they link to penalized sites. So be careful which sites you link to. If a site has PR0, it is usually a penalty, and it would be unwise to link to it.

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How is PageRank calculated?

To calculate the PageRank for a page, all of its inbound links are taken into account. These are links from within the site and links from outside the site.

PR(A) = (1-d) + d(PR(t1)/C(t1) + … + PR(tn)/C(tn))

That’s the equation that calculates a page’s PageRank. It’s the original one that was published when PageRank was being developed, and it is probable that Google uses a variation of it but they aren’t telling us what it is. It doesn’t matter though, as this equation is good enough.

In the equation ‘t1 – tn’ are pages linking to page A, ‘C’ is the number of outbound links that a page has and ‘d’ is a damping factor, usually set to 0.85.

We can think of it in a simpler way:-

a page’s PageRank = 0.15 + 0.85 * (a “share” of the PageRank of every page that links to it)

“share” = the linking page’s PageRank divided by the number of outbound links on the page.

A page “votes” an amount of PageRank onto each page that it links to. The amount of PageRank that it has to vote with is a little less than its own PageRank value (its own value * 0.85). This value is shared equally between all the pages that it links to.

From this, we could conclude that a link from a page with PR4 and 5 outbound links is worth more than a link from a page with PR8 and 100 outbound links. The PageRank of a page that links to yours is important but the number of links on that page is also important. The more links there are on a page, the less PageRank value your page will receive from it.

If the PageRank value differences between PR1, PR2,…..PR10 were equal then that conclusion would hold up, but many people believe that the values between PR1 and PR10 (the maximum) are set on a logarithmic scale, and there is very good reason for believing it. Nobody outside Google knows for sure one way or the other, but the chances are high that the scale is logarithmic, or similar. If so, it means that it takes a lot more additional PageRank for a page to move up to the next PageRank level that it did to move up from the previous PageRank level. The result is that it reverses the previous conclusion, so that a link from a PR8 page that has lots of outbound links is worth more than a link from a PR4 page that has only a few outbound links.

Whichever scale Google uses, we can be sure of one thing. A link from another site increases our site’s PageRank. Just remember to avoid links from link farms.

Note that when a page votes its PageRank value to other pages, its own PageRank is not reduced by the value that it is voting. The page doing the voting doesn’t give away its PageRank and end up with nothing. It isn’t a transfer of PageRank. It is simply a vote according to the page’s PageRank value. It’s like a shareholders meeting where each shareholder votes according to the number of shares held, but the shares themselves aren’t given away. Even so, pages do lose some PageRank indirectly, as we’ll see later.

Ok so far? Good. Now we’ll look at how the calculations are actually done.

For a page’s calculation, its existing PageRank (if it has any) is abandoned completely and a fresh calculation is done where the page relies solely on the PageRank “voted” for it by its current inbound links, which may have changed since the last time the page’s PageRank was calculated.

The equation shows clearly how a page’s PageRank is arrived at. But what isn’t immediately obvious is that it can’t work if the calculation is done just once. Suppose we have 2 pages, A and B, which link to each other, and neither have any other links of any kind. This is what happens:-

Step 1: Calculate page A’s PageRank from the value of its inbound links

Page A now has a new PageRank value. The calculation used the value of the inbound link from page B. But page B has an inbound link (from page A) and its new PageRank value hasn’t been worked out yet, so page A’s new PageRank value is based on inaccurate data and can’t be accurate.

Step 2: Calculate page B’s PageRank from the value of its inbound links

Page B now has a new PageRank value, but it can’t be accurate because the calculation used the new PageRank value of the inbound link from page A, which is inaccurate.

It’s a Catch 22 situation. We can’t work out A’s PageRank until we know B’s PageRank, and we can’t work out B’s PageRank until we know A’s PageRank.

Now that both pages have newly calculated PageRank values, can’t we just run the calculations again to arrive at accurate values? No. We can run the calculations again using the new values and the results will be more accurate, but we will always be using inaccurate values for the calculations, so the results will always be inaccurate.

The problem is overcome by repeating the calculations many times. Each time produces slightly more accurate values. In fact, total accuracy can never be achieved because the calculations are always based on inaccurate values. 40 to 50 iterations are sufficient to reach a point where any further iterations wouldn’t produce enough of a change to the values to matter. This is precisiely what Google does at each update, and it’s the reason why the updates take so long.

One thing to bear in mind is that the results we get from the calculations are proportions. The figures must then be set against a scale (known only to Google) to arrive at each page’s actual PageRank. Even so, we can use the calculations to channel the PageRank within a site around its pages so that certain pages receive a higher proportion of it than others.

NOTE:

You may come across explanations of PageRank where the same equation is stated but the result of each iteration of the calculation is added to the page’s existing PageRank. The new value (result + existing PageRank) is then used when sharing PageRank with other pages. These explanations are wrong for the following reasons:-

1. They quote the same, published equation – but then change it

from PR(A) = (1-d) + d(……) to PR(A) = PR(A) + (1-d) + d(……)

It isn’t correct, and it isn’t necessary.

2. We will be looking at how to organize links so that certain pages end up with a larger proportion of the PageRank than others. Adding to the page’s existing PageRank through the iterations produces different proportions than when the equation is used as published. Since the addition is not a part of the published equation, the results are wrong and the proportioning isn’t accurate.

According to the published equation, the page being calculated starts from scratch at each iteration. It relies solely on its inbound links. The ‘add to the existing PageRank’ idea doesn’t do that, so its results are necessarily wrong.

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Internal linking

Fact: A website has a maximum amount of PageRank that is distributed between its pages by internal links.

The maximum PageRank in a site equals the number of pages in the site * 1. The maximum is increased by inbound links from other sites and decreased by outbound links to other sites. We are talking about the overall PageRank in the site and not the PageRank of any individual page. You don’t have to take my word for it. You can reach the same conclusion by using a pencil and paper and the equation.

Fact: The maximum amount of PageRank in a site increases as the number of pages in the site increases.

The more pages that a site has, the more PageRank it has. Again, by using a pencil and paper and the equation, you can come to the same conclusion. Bear in mind that the only pages that count are the ones that Google knows about.

Fact: By linking poorly, it is possible to fail to reach the site’s maximum PageRank, but it is not possible to exceed it.

Poor internal linkages can cause a site to fall short of its maximum but no kind of internal link structure can cause a site to exceed it. The only way to increase the maximum is to add more inbound links and/or increase the number of pages in the site.

Cautions: Whilst I thoroughly recommend creating and adding new pages to increase a site’s total PageRank so that it can be channeled to specific pages, there are certain types of pages that should not be added. These are pages that are all identical or very nearly identical and are known as cookie-cutters. Google considers them to be spam and they can trigger an alarm that causes the pages, and possibly the entire site, to be penalized. Pages full of good content are a must.

What can we do with this ‘overall’ PageRank?

We are going to look at some example calculations to see how a site’s PageRank can be manipulated, but before doing that, I need to point out that a page will be included in the Google index only if one or more pages on the web link to it. That’s according to Google. If a page is not in the Google index, any links from it can’t be included in the calculations.

For the examples, we are going to ignore that fact, mainly because other ‘Pagerank Explained’ type documents ignore it in the calculations, and it might be confusing when comparing documents. The calculator operates in two modes:- Simple and Real. In Simple mode, the calculations assume that all pages are in the Google index, whether or not any other pages link to them. In Real mode the calculations disregard unlinked-to pages. These examples show the results as calculated in Simple mode.

Let’s consider a 3 page site (pages A, B and C) with no links coming in from the outside. We will allocate each page an initial PageRank of 1, although it makes no difference whether we start each page with 1, 0 or 99. Apart from a few millionths of a PageRank point, after many iterations the end result is always the same. Starting with 1 requires fewer iterations for the PageRanks to converge to a suitable result than when starting with 0 or any other number. You may want to use a pencil and paper to follow this or you can follow it with the calculator.

The site’s maximum PageRank is the amount of PageRank in the site. In this case, we have 3 pages so the site’s maximum is 3.

At the moment, none of the pages link to any other pages and none link to them. If you make the calculation once for each page, you’ll find that each of them ends up with a PageRank of 0.15. No matter how many iterations you run, each page’s PageRank remains at 0.15. The total PageRank in the site = 0.45, whereas it could be 3. The site is seriously wasting most of its potential PageRank.

Example 1

Now begin again with each page being allocated PR1. Link page A to page B and run the calculations for each page. We end up with:-

Page A = 0.15

Page B = 1

Page C = 0.15

Page A has “voted” for page B and, as a result, page B’s PageRank has increased. This is looking good for page B, but it’s only 1 iteration – we haven’t taken account of the Catch 22 situation. Look at what happens to the figures after more iterations:-

After 100 iterations the figures are:-

Page A = 0.15

Page B = 0.2775

Page C = 0.15

It still looks good for page B but nowhere near as good as it did. These figures are more realistic. The total PageRank in the site is now 0.5775 – slightly better but still only a fraction of what it could be.

NOTE:

Technically, these particular results are incorrect because of the special treatment that Google gives to dangling links, but they serve to demonstrate the simple calculation.

Example 2

Try this linkage. Link all pages to all pages. Each page starts with PR1 again. This produces:-

Page A = 1

Page B = 1

Page C = 1

Now we’ve achieved the maximum. No matter how many iterations are run, each page always ends up with PR1. The same results occur by linking in a loop. E.g. A to B, B to C and C to D. View this in the calculator.

This has demonstrated that, by poor linking, it is quite easy to waste PageRank and by good linking, we can achieve a site’s full potential. But we don’t particularly want all the site’s pages to have an equal share. We want one or more pages to have a larger share at the expense of others. The kinds of pages that we might want to have the larger shares are the index page, hub pages and pages that are optimized for certain search terms. We have only 3 pages, so we’ll channel the PageRank to the index page – page A. It will serve to show the idea of channeling.

Example 3

Now try this. Link page A to both B and C. Also link pages B and C to A. Starting with PR1 all round, after 1 iteration the results are:-

Page A = 1.85

Page B = 0.575

Page C = 0.575

and after 100 iterations, the results are:-

Page A = 1.459459

Page B = 0.7702703

Page C = 0.7702703

In both cases the total PageRank in the site is 3 (the maximum) so none is being wasted. Also in both cases you can see that page A has a much larger proportion of the PageRank than the other 2 pages. This is because pages B and C are passing PageRank to A and not to any other pages. We have channeled a large proportion of the site’s PageRank to where we wanted it.

Example 4

Finally, keep the previous links and add a link from page C to page B. Start again with PR1 all round. After 1 iteration:-

Page A = 1.425

Page B = 1

Page C = 0.575

By comparison to the 1 iteration figures in the previous example, page A has lost some PageRank, page B has gained some and page C stayed the same. Page C now shares its “vote” between A and B. Previously A received all of it. That’s why page A has lost out and why page B has gained.
and after 100 iterations:-

Page A = 1.298245

Page B = 0.9999999

Page C = 0.7017543

When the dust has settled, page C has lost a little PageRank because, having now shared its vote between A and B, instead of giving it all to A, A has less to give to C in the A–>C link. So adding an extra link from a page causes the page to lose PageRank indirectly if any of the pages that it links to return the link. If the pages that it links to don’t return the link, then no PageRank loss would have occured. To make it more complicated, if the link is returned even indirectly (via a page that links to a page that links to a page etc), the page will lose a little PageRank. This isn’t really important with internal links, but it does matter when linking to pages outside the site.

Example 5: new pages

Adding new pages to a site is an important way of increasing a site’s total PageRank because each new page will add an average of 1 to the total. Once the new pages have been added, their new PageRank can be channeled to the important pages. We’ll use the calculator to demonstrate these.

Let’s add 3 new pages to Example 3 [view]. Three new pages but they don’t do anything for us yet. The small increase in the Total, and the new pages’ 0.15, are unrealistic as we shall see. So let’s link them into the site.

Link each of the new pages to the important page, page A [view]. Notice that the Total PageRank has doubled, from 3 (without the new pages) to 6. Notice also that page A’s PageRank has almost doubled.

There is one thing wrong with this model. The new pages are orphans. They wouldn’t get into Google’s index, so they wouldn’t add any PageRank to the site and they wouldn’t pass any PageRank to page A. They each need to be linked to from at least one other page. If page A is the important page, the best page to put the links on is, surprisingly, page A [view]. You can play around with the links but, from page A’s point of view, there isn’t a better place for them.

It is not a good idea for one page to link to a large number of pages so, if you are adding many new pages, spread the links around. The chances are that there is more than one important page in a site, so it is usually suitable to spread the links to and from the new pages. You can use the calculator to experiment with mini-models of a site to find the best links that produce the best results for its important pages.

Examples summary

You can see that, by organising the internal links, it is possible to channel a site’s PageRank to selected pages. Internal links can be arranged to suit a site’s PageRank needs, but it is only useful if Google knows about the pages, so do try to ensure that Google spiders them.

Inbound and Outbound links

Examples of these could be given but it is probably clearer to read about them (below) and to ‘play’ with them in the calculator.

Questions

When a page has several links to another page, are all the links counted?

E.g. if page A links once to page B and 3 times to page C, does page C receive 3/4 of page A’s shareable PageRank?

The PageRank concept is that a page casts votes for one or more other pages. Nothing is said in the original PageRank document about a page casting more than one vote for a single page. The idea seems to be against the PageRank concept and would certainly be open to manipulation by unrealistically proportioning votes for target pages. E.g. if an outbound link, or a link to an unimportant page, is necessary, add a bunch of links to an important page to minimize the effect.

Since we are unlikely to get a definitive answer from Google, it is reasonable to assume that a page can cast only one vote for another page, and that additional votes for the same page are not counted.

When a page links to itself, is the link counted?

Again, the concept is that pages cast votes for other pages. Nothing is said in the original document about pages casting votes for themselves. The idea seems to be against the concept and, also, it would be another way to manipulate the results. So, for those reasons, it is reasonable to assume that a page can’t vote for itself, and that such links are not counted.

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Dangling links

“Dangling links are simply links that point to any page with no outgoing links. They affect the model because it is not clear where their weight should be distributed, and there are a large number of them. Often these dangling links are simply pages that we have not downloaded yet……….Because dangling links do not affect the ranking of any other page directly, we simply remove them from the system until all the PageRanks are calculated. After all the PageRanks are calculated they can be added back in without affecting things significantly.” – extract from the original PageRank paper by Google’s founders, Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page.

A dangling link is a link to a page that has no links going from it, or a link to a page that Google hasn’t indexed. In both cases Google removes the links shortly after the start of the calculations and reinstates them shortly before the calculations are finished. In this way, their effect on the PageRank of other pages in minimal.

The results shown in Example 1 (right diag.) are wrong because page B has no links going from it, and so the link from page A to page B is dangling and would be removed from the calculations. The results of the calculations would show all three pages as having 0.15.

It may suit site functionality to link to pages that have no links going from them without losing any PageRank from the other pages but it would be waste of potential PageRank. Take a look at this example. The site’s potential is 5 because it has 5 pages, but without page E linked in, the site only has 4.15.

Link page A to page E and click Calculate. Notice that the site’s total has gone down very significantly. But, because the new link is dangling and would be removed from the calculations, we can ignore the new total and assume the previous 4.15 to be true. That’s the effect of functionally useful, dangling links in the site. There’s no overall PageRank loss.

However, some of the site’s potential total is still being wasted, so link Page E back to Page A and click Calculate. Now we have the maximum PageRank that is possible with 5 pages. Nothing is being wasted.

Although it may be functionally good to link to pages within the site without those pages linking out again, it is bad for PageRank. It is pointless wasting PageRank unnecessarily, so always make sure that every page in the site links out to at least one other page in the site.

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Inbound links

Inbound links (links into the site from the outside) are one way to increase a site’s total PageRank. The other is to add more pages. Where the links come from doesn’t matter. Google recognizes that a webmaster has no control over other sites linking into a site, and so sites are not penalized because of where the links come from. There is an exception to this rule but it is rare and doesn’t concern this article. It isn’t something that a webmaster can accidentally do.

The linking page’s PageRank is important, but so is the number of links going from that page. For instance, if you are the only link from a page that has a lowly PR2, you will receive an injection of 0.15 + 0.85(2/1) = 1.85 into your site, whereas a link from a PR8 page that has another 99 links from it will increase your site’s PageRank by 0.15 + 0.85(7/100) = 0.2095. Clearly, the PR2 link is much better – or is it? See here for a probable reason why this is not the case.

Once the PageRank is injected into your site, the calculations are done again and each page’s PageRank is changed. Depending on the internal link structure, some pages’ PageRank is increased, some are unchanged but no pages lose any PageRank.

It is beneficial to have the inbound links coming to the pages to which you are channeling your PageRank. A PageRank injection to any other page will be spread around the site through the internal links. The important pages will receive an increase, but not as much of an increase as when they are linked to directly. The page that receives the inbound link, makes the biggest gain.

It is easy to think of our site as being a small, self-contained network of pages. When we do the PageRank calculations we are dealing with our small network. If we make a link to another site, we lose some of our network’s PageRank, and if we receive a link, our network’s PageRank is added to. But it isn’t like that. For the PageRank calculations, there is only one network – every page that Google has in its index. Each iteration of the calculation is done on the entire network and not on individual websites.

Because the entire network is interlinked, and every link and every page plays its part in each iteration of the calculations, it is impossible for us to calculate the effect of inbound links to our site with any realistic accuracy.

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Outbound links

Outbound links are a drain on a site’s total PageRank. They leak PageRank. To counter the drain, try to ensure that the links are reciprocated. Because of the PageRank of the pages at each end of an external link, and the number of links out from those pages, reciprocal links can gain or lose PageRank. You need to take care when choosing where to exchange links.

When PageRank leaks from a site via a link to another site, all the pages in the internal link structure are affected. (This doesn’t always show after just 1 iteration). The page that you link out from makes a difference to which pages suffer the most loss. Without a program to perform the calculations on specific link structures, it is difficult to decide on the right page to link out from, but the generalization is to link from the one with the lowest PageRank.

Many websites need to contain some outbound links that are nothing to do with PageRank. Unfortunately, all ‘normal’ outbound links leak PageRank. But there are ‘abnormal’ ways of linking to other sites that don’t result in leaks. PageRank is leaked when Google recognizes a link to another site. The answer is to use links that Google doesn’t recognize or count. These include form actions and links contained in javascript code.

Form actions

A form’s ‘action’ attribute does not need to be the url of a form parsing script. It can point to any html page on any site. Try it.

Example:

<form name=”myform” action=”http://www.domain.com/somepage.html”>

<a href=”javascript:document.myform.submit()”>Click here</a>

To be really sneaky, the action attribute could be in some javascript code rather than in the form tag, and the javascript code could be loaded from a ‘js’ file stored in a directory that is barred to Google’s spider by the robots.txt file.

Javascript

Example: <a href=”javascript:goto(‘wherever’)”>Click here</a>

Like the form action, it is sneaky to load the javascript code, which contains the urls, from a seperate ‘js’ file, and sneakier still if the file is stored in a directory that is barred to googlebot by the robots.txt file.

The “rel” attribute

As of 18th January 2005, Google, together with other search engines, is recognising a new attribute to the anchor tag. The attribute is “rel”, and it is used as follows:-

<a href=”http://www.domain.com/somepage.html” rel=”nofollow”>link text</a>

The attribute tells Google to ignore the link completely. The link won’t help the target page’s PageRank, and it won’t help its rankings. It is as though the link doesn’t exist. With this attribute, there is no longer any need for javascript, forms, or any other method of hiding links from Google.

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So how much additional PageRank do we need to move up the toolbar?

First, let me explain in more detail why the values shown in the Google toolbar are not the actual PageRank figures. According to the equation, and to the creators of Google, the billions of pages on the web average out to a PageRank of 1.0 per page. So the total PageRank on the web is equal to the number of pages on the web * 1, which equals a lot of PageRank spread around the web.

The Google toolbar range is from 1 to 10. (They sometimes show 0, but that figure isn’t believed to be a PageRank calculation result). What Google does is divide the full range of actual PageRanks on the web into 10 parts – each part is represented by a value as shown in the toolbar. So the toolbar values only show what part of the overall range a page’s PageRank is in, and not the actual PageRank itself. The numbers in the toolbar are just labels.

Whether or not the overall range is divided into 10 equal parts is a matter for debate – Google aren’t saying. But because it is much harder to move up a toolbar point at the higher end than it is at the lower end, many people (including me) believe that the divisions are based on a logarithmic scale, or something very similar, rather than the equal divisions of a linear scale.

Let’s assume that it is a logarithmic, base 10 scale, and that it takes 10 properly linked new pages to move a site’s important page up 1 toolbar point. It will take 100 new pages to move it up another point, 1000 new pages to move it up one more, 10,000 to the next, and so on. That’s why moving up at the lower end is much easier that at the higher end.

In reality, the base is unlikely to be 10. Some people think it is around the 5 or 6 mark, and maybe even less. Even so, it still gets progressively harder to move up a toolbar point at the higher end of the scale.

Note that as the number of pages on the web increases, so does the total PageRank on the web, and as the total PageRank increases, the positions of the divisions in the overall scale must change. As a result, some pages drop a toolbar point for no ‘apparent’ reason. If the page’s actual PageRank was only just above a division in the scale, the addition of new pages to the web would cause the division to move up slightly and the page would end up just below the division. Google’s index is always increasing and they re-evaluate each of the pages on more or less a monthly basis. It’s known as the “Google dance”. When the dance is over, some pages will have dropped a toolbar point. A number of new pages might be all that is needed to get the point back after the next dance.

The toolbar value is a good indicator of a page’s PageRank but it only indicates that a page is in a certain range of the overall scale. One PR5 page could be just above the PR5 division and another PR5 page could be just below the PR6 division – almost a whole division (toolbar point) between them.

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Tips

Domain names and Filenames

To a spider, www.domain.com/, domain.com/, www.domain.com/index.html and domain.com/index.html are different urls and, therefore, different pages. Surfers arrive at the site’s home page whichever of the urls are used, but spiders see them as individual urls, and it makes a difference when working out the PageRank. It is better to standardize the url you use for the site’s home page. Otherwise each url can end up with a different PageRank, whereas all of it should have gone to just one url.

If you think about it, how can a spider know the filename of the page that it gets back when requesting www.domain.com/ ? It can’t. The filename could be index.html, index.htm, index.php, default.html, etc. The spider doesn’t know. If you link to index.html within the site, the spider could compare the 2 pages but that seems unlikely. So they are 2 urls and each receives PageRank from inbound links. Standardizing the home page’s url ensures that the Pagerank it is due isn’t shared with ghost urls.

Example: Go to my UK Holidays and UK Holiday Accommodation site – how’s that for a nice piece of link text ;). Notice that the url in the browser’s address bar contains “www.”. If you have the Google Toolbar installed, you will see that the page has PR5. Now remove the “www.” part of the url and get the page again. This time it has PR1, and yet they are the same page. Actually, the PageRank is for the unseen frameset page.

When this article was first written, the non-www URL had PR4 due to using different versions of the link URLs within the site. It had the effect of sharing the page’s PageRank between the 2 pages (the 2 versions) and, therefore, between the 2 sites. That’s not the best way to do it. Since then, I’ve tidied up the internal linkages and got the non-www version down to PR1 so that the PageRank within the site mostly stays in the “www.” version, but there must be a site somewhere that links to it without the “www.” that’s causing the PR1.

Imagine the page, www.domain.com/index.html. The index page contains links to several relative urls; e.g. products.html and details.html. The spider sees those urls as www.domain.com/products.html and www.domain.com/details.html. Now let’s add an absolute url for another page, only this time we’ll leave out the “www.” part – domain.com/anotherpage.html. This page links back to the index.html page, so the spider sees the index pages as domain.com/index.html. Although it’s the same index page as the first one, to a spider, it is a different page because it’s on a different domain. Now look what happens. Each of the relative urls on the index page is also different because it belongs to the domain.com/ domain. Consequently, the link stucture is wasting a site’s potential PageRank by spreading it between ghost pages.

Adding new pages

There is a possible negative effect of adding new pages. Take a perfectly normal site. It has some inbound links from other sites and its pages have some PageRank. Then a new page is added to the site and is linked to from one or more of the existing pages. The new page will, of course, aquire PageRank from the site’s existing pages. The effect is that, whilst the total PageRank in the site is increased, one or more of the existing pages will suffer a PageRank loss due to the new page making gains. Up to a point, the more new pages that are added, the greater is the loss to the existing pages. With large sites, this effect is unlikely to be noticed but, with smaller ones, it probably would.

So, although adding new pages does increase the total PageRank within the site, some of the site’s pages will lose PageRank as a result. The answer is to link new pages is such a way within the site that the important pages don’t suffer, or add sufficient new pages to make up for the effect (that can sometimes mean adding a large number of new pages), or better still, get some more inbound links.

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Miscellaneous

The Google toolbar

If you have the Google toolbar installed in your browser, you will be used to seeing each page’s PageRank as you browse the web. But all isn’t always as it seems. Many pages that Google displays the PageRank for haven’t been indexed in Google and certainly don’t have any PageRank in their own right. What is happening is that one or more pages on the site have been indexed and a PageRank has been calculated. The PageRank figure for the site’s pages that haven’t been indexed is allocated on the fly – just for your toolbar. The PageRank itself doesn’t exist.

It’s important to know this so that you can avoid exchanging links with pages that really don’t have any PageRank of their own. Before making exchanges, search for the page on Google to make sure that it is indexed.

Sub-directories

Some people believe that Google drops a page’s PageRank by a value of 1 for each sub-directory level below the root directory. E.g. if the value of pages in the root directory is generally around 4, then pages in the next directory level down will be generally around 3, and so on down the levels. Other people (including me) don’t accept that at all. Either way, because some spiders tend to avoid deep sub-directories, it is generally considered to be beneficial to keep directory structures shallow (directories one or two levels below the root).

ODP and Yahoo!

It used to be thought that Google gave a Pagerank boost to sites that are listed in the Yahoo! and ODP (a.k.a. DMOZ) directories, but these days general opinion is that they don’t. There is certainly a PageRank gain for sites that are listed in those directories, but the reason for it is now thought to be this:-

Google spiders the directories just like any other site and their pages have decent PageRank and so they are good inbound links to have. In the case of the ODP, Google’s directory is a copy of the ODP directory. Each time that sites are added and dropped from the ODP, they are added and dropped from Google’s directory when they next update it. The entry in Google’s directory is yet another good, PageRank boosting, inbound link. Also, the ODP data is used for searches on a myriad of websites – more inbound links!

How to prolong the battery

life of your laptop

Your laptop is a vital aspect of your business.

Its well being is crucial.

One thing that you need more than other things for running your business is your laptop. And for the laptop to be functional, its battery needs to be healthy. Here are some tips which will help in prolonging the life of your laptop’s battery.

Repetitive and regular full discharges can reduce the life span of your battery. The Lithium ions of the battery will lose the charge capacity when partially recharged. Experts recommend you to recharge your battery at a 10 to 20 per cent charge level.

If you wish to store your battery for long it should neither be fully charged or fully discharged. The optimal charge level is 40 per cent. Storing the battery with a low charge will result in permanent damage or battery failure. Disconnect the battery and store it in a cool, dry place.

Since your business is so dependant on your laptop, this is less likely to happen. But still, do not store a charged battery dormant for too long. You should use it at least once every two weeks once you have charged it fully.

Keep the battery contacts clean. Clean your battery’s metal contacts every couple of months with a cloth moistened. This keeps the transfer of power from your battery more efficient.

Hibernating your computer is a better option than putting it on a standby. Hibernating function saves more power than Stand-by.

Functions like modifying and cooling your CPU and dimming the brightness of the laptop screen, which are generally left unused enable saving power and thereby, your battery so try using them. Though not much but it will help in saving some amount of your battery life.

Do not multitask. When your laptop is running on battery do one thing at a time when you’re on battery. Working on a spreadsheet, using your email, listening to your favourite music or putting a CD or a DVD in your hard drive is not very healthy for your battery. It drains out a battery faster.
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So guys from Maemo Community have overclocked their Nokia N900 to 900MHz. Here’s a guide on how to overclock your Nokia N900 to 900MHz.
Warning: Please do it at your own risk. We do not take the responsibility for your curiousness. Do it only if you are absolutely sure of.
Okay so now, even after the lame warning you guys are reading? Cool. Go ahead with the tutorial.
Step 1: Download the kernel.
Step 2: Now put your kernel file into the Maemo Flasher folder. Download the Maemo Flasher from here. The Maemo Flasher can be found at C:\Program Files\maemo\flasher-3.5
Step 3: Now lets set up your N900 to flashing mode:
Switch off the Maemo device
Press and hold down the ‘u’ key
Connect a USB cable between the Maemo device and host PC while holding down the ‘u’ key
When the USB cable is connected, it powers the Maemo device and sets it to flashing mode
When the USB icon appears in the upper right-hand corner, the Maemo device is in flashing mode
Release the ‘u’ key
If performed correctly, the USB image is visible in the upper right-hand corner of the screen.
The Maemo device waits indefinitely for Flasher-3.5 input when it is in flashing mode. If flashing is tried without first setting the Maemo device to flashing mode, image flashing may fail because the Maemo device may not be able to change to the flashing mode automatically.
Step 4: Now run the command on windows:
flasher-3.5.exe -k zImage-900mhz -f -R

Step 5: Make 6 packets of Magi. It should take roughly around 10-12 minutes to flash.

The honeymoon may be over for some iPad owners, who are now reporting issues with the device’s WiFi connection. The issues include claims of short wireless range, connection problems, and slow speeds, according to TechCrunch and SlashGear.
You can check out a whole slew of complaints over at Apple’s support forum, and I’ve chatted with several iPad owners who are having similar issues. It’s too early to tell how many iPad users are actually affected — but given that it wasn’t too hard for me to find other users having wireless trouble, it’s very likely that this could end up being a big problem for Apple.
One user writes:
Having same problem with wifi being weak and constantly fluctuating. I have to keep entering my password to regain access to my network after having lost a signal. Two iPhones and two MacBooks showing full signal with no interrupts. Certainly hope this is fixable. Too pricey of a toy for it to have this issue right of box.
It’s important to note that all of their other Apple devices work fine on their network. Clearly, it’s the iPad specifically having issues, and not the network.
Another user ran some speed tests on his iPad, and compared it to the speeds of his iPhone:
Ok. I used speedtest.net app both on iPhone 3GS and the new iPad. I clearly see the difference.
iPad download speed is 1.83 megabits/sec whereas
iPhone 3GS download speed is 14.77 megabits/sec
Upload speed seems comparable.
The speed difference is massive, and is likely related to the reported reception issues.
Given the wide variety of networking hardware available to consumers, plus the difficulty of cramming all of the iPad’s hardware into its slim case, there’s definitely the potential for wireless issues. Unlike the iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad runs the faster 802.11n WiFi specification — which requires a larger internal antenna as well.
We’ll be keeping an eye on these wireless issues, because Apple certainly will be forced to respond to the user complaints. A software fix may not be enough to resolve the problems, and Apple may have to institute some sort of hardware recall or exchange to deal with dissatisfied customers.